Nested Workflow

Basic nested workflow: inner research pipeline feeds into an outer writing step.

from agno.agent import Agent
from agno.models.openai import OpenAIChat
from agno.workflow.step import Step
from agno.workflow.types import StepInput, StepOutput
from agno.workflow.workflow import Workflow


def create_summary(step_input: StepInput) -> StepOutput:
    """A simple function step that summarizes the previous step's output"""
    previous_content = step_input.get_last_step_content()
    summary = (
        f"Summary of research:\n{previous_content[:500]}..."
        if previous_content
        else "No content to summarize"
    )
    return StepOutput(content=summary)


# Create a simple inner workflow that does research
research_agent = Agent(
    name="Research Agent",
    model=OpenAIChat(id="gpt-4o-mini"),
    instructions="You are a research assistant. Provide concise, factual information.",
)

inner_workflow = Workflow(
    name="Research Workflow",
    description="A simple workflow that researches a topic",
    steps=[
        Step(name="research", agent=research_agent),
        Step(name="summary", executor=create_summary),
    ],
)

# Create the outer workflow that uses the inner workflow as a step
writer_agent = Agent(
    name="Writer Agent",
    model=OpenAIChat(id="gpt-4o-mini"),
    instructions="You are a professional writer. Take the research provided and write a polished article.",
)

outer_workflow = Workflow(
    name="Research and Write Workflow",
    description="A workflow that researches a topic and then writes about it",
    steps=[
        Step(name="research_phase", workflow=inner_workflow),
        Step(name="writing_phase", agent=writer_agent),
    ],
)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    result = outer_workflow.print_response(
        input="Tell me about the history of artificial intelligence",
        stream=True,
        stream_events=True,
    )

Run the Example

git clone https://github.com/agno-agi/agno.git
cd agno/cookbook/04_workflows/06_advanced_concepts/workflow_as_a_step

pip install agno openai

python nested_workflow.py